One Nation, One electrical License

Electrical contractors are facing license problem when they bid for another state. Generally they are entitled to do work in particular state from where they have got license. CEA advocated that there was the need of “One Nation, One Licence” for electrical contractors so that they can take up works in various states on the basis of a valid licence in any state or Union territory. This will avoid the long-drawn process of obtaining a separate licence in the respective state/UT, where the electrical contractor intends to work, the communication said. This proposal comes in the wake of a meeting with all state electrical inspectorates convened by Chief Engineer, CEA, on September 29, 2023. Most states welcomed the step of “One Nation, One Licence” for electrical contractors. It is interesting to note that supervisor licence holders and wireman licence holders of different states are allowed to work in other states through various arrangements like reciprocal MoUs, verification, endorsements, etc. However, no such procedure is allowed for electrical contractors, as yet. In light of this, CEA has advised that all state electrical inspectorates in which there is currently no such procedure of allowing electrical contractors of other states, to take up measures to facilitate inter-state validity of licences. This could be achieved by endorsement/verification of contractor licences issued by other states, by the state where the electrical contractor intends to work. CEA has also suggested that such endorsement should take no more than 15 days, subject to fulfilment of conditions precedent. CEA has also advised state electrical inspectorates against putting territorial restrictions while granting (new) licences to electrical contractors.

Transformer ratio test magnetic voltage

Transformer Test Typical Transformer no --------------------- Rating 500 KVA, 11/0.415KV apply voltage 415 V primary side and observe the voltage in secondary side- A) Magnetic voltage balance test sr. phases measured voltage 1U-1V 1V-1W 1W-1U 2U-2N 2V-2N 2W-2N 2U2V 2V2W 2W2U 1 R-phase open 178 362 183 3.9 7.9 3.8 11.7 11.8 0.1 2 Y-phase open 70 207 360 7.9 6.1 1.4 14.2 4.6 9.5 3 B-phase open 364 201 81 1.6 6.0 7.9 4.5 13.9 9.5 B) VOLTAGE RATIO TEST SR. APPLIED VOLTAGE tap position 1U-1V 1V-1W 1W-1U 2U-2V 2V-2W 2W2U 2U-2N 2V-2N 2W-2N 1 1 366 368 362 12.91 13.12 13.00 7.39 7.54 7.54 2 2 366 365 357 13.24 13.43 13.30 7.61 7.73 7.72 3 3 365 365 364 13.61 13.60 13.62 7.84 7.85 7.84 4 4 366 368 364 13.96 14.07 14.00 8.03 8.10 8.10 5 5 366 367 363 14.26 14.36 14.34 8.21 8.28 8.28 6 6 366 367 362 14.66 14.79 14.72 8.43 8.50 8.48 C) INSULATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT SR. Main winding Meger volt (DC) IR value m-ohm Remarks 1 HV to earth 2500 0 1min 2 LV to earth 500 1 3 HV to LV 500 1.5 1 min D) Oil BDV Test : 9.8 KV conclusion : oil filteration FORMAT Date: ___________ Transformer Test Test report : _______________________________________________________________ Location: _______________________________________________________________ Capacity of Transformer: _______________________________________________________________ Input voltage HT side: _______________________________________________________________ Vector Group: _______________________________________________________________ Tested By: _______________________________________________________________ Work Order No.: _______________________________________________________________ A) MAGNETIC VOLTAGE BALANCE TEST sr. Phases Measured Voltage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1U-1V 1V-1W 1W-1U 2U-2N 2V-2N 2W-2N 2U-2V 2V-2W 2W-2U 1 R-phase open 2 Y-phase open 3 B-phase open Remarks B) VOLTAGE RATIO TEST APPLIED VOLTAGE SR. Tap position 1U-1V 1V-1W 1W-1U 2U-2V 2V-2W 2W-2U 2U-2N 2V-2N 2W-2N 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Remarks

Madhya Pradesh’s first underground EHV cable

India, Bhopal: MPPTCL has energized an EHV line by way of an underground cable, the first of its kind in India’s state of Madhya Pradesh. The first time in India’s state of Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission Company Ltd (MPPTCL) has energized an EHV line using an underground cable.

State power utility MPPTCL said that the state’s first 132 kV underground line has been energized in the capital city of Bhopal. The 132 kV double-circuit underground line measuring around 2.1 km runs from the 13 2kV Chambal substation Bhopal to the 132 kV Subhash Nagar receiving substation (RSS). This is the first time that EHV underground cable technology has been utilized in Madhya Pradesh’s power transmission sector. Also, the 132 kV cable was remotely energized from MPPTCL’s Bhopal SCADA centre utilizinh Human Machine Interface (HMI) technology. Source: T&D India

ELECTRICAL TESTING TYPE TYPICAL

CABLE TESTING Standard: IEEE 400.2, IEC 60060-3, IEEE P400.2. 1. Cable sheath Testing 2. Insulation Resistance Testing

3. VLF AC withstand test 4. DC Hipot of Cables 5. Cable Fault Localization 6. Pin Pointing of fault in cables and Route Tracing, 7. Partial Discharge (PD) measurement ( Online/ offline) 8. Cable Identification. 9. VLF Testing available upto 132kV cable TRANSFORMER TESTING Standard : IEC 60270 (for PD) , IEC60060-1 IEC 1. Turns Ratio and Vector Group Measurement 2. Magnetic Balance and Magnetizing Current Measurement 3. % Impedance Measurement at Low Voltage Insulation Resistance & Polarization Index Measurement. 4. DC Winding Resistance Measurement. 5. Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement of OLTC SFRA ( Sweep Frequency Response Analysis ) Testing 60060-3,IEC 6. Tan Delta and Capacitance Measurement. 7. Partial Discharge ( PD) Measurement (Online & Offline) 8. Magnetic Circuit ( Insulation ) Test 9. Functionality Check of all Protective Devices stability Check 10. Oil Analysis ON LINE MOTOR TESTING – 1. Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) 2. Vibration Analysis 3. Ultrasonic Detection 4. Thermography (IR) 5. Partial Discharge (PD) 6. Bearing Problem Analysis OFFLINE MOTOR TESTING STATOR 1. Surge Test upto 50kV 2. Insulation Resistance & Polarization Index Measurement 3. Dielectric Absorption Test 4. Step Voltage Test 5. DC / AC Hipot Test 6. Impedance Test 7. Bearing Problem Analysis 8. Current Frequency response 9. Phase Angle 10. Winding Resistance Measurement 11. Partial Discharge Measurement 12. Capacitance and Tan Delta Measurement ROTOR 1. Insulation Resistance & Polarization Index Measurement 2. Impedance Measurement 3. Winding Resistance Measurement. GENERATOR TESTING 1. Insulation Resistance and Polarization Index. 2. Capacitance and Tan Delta Measurement 3. Partial Discharge Measurement 4. DC/AC Leakage Current Measurement (Hipot ) 5. DC Winding Resistance Measurement SWITCHGEAR TESTING 1. Surface Tracking 2. Corona 3. Partial Discharges within insulators and insulating components 4. Defective insulations in cable terminations 5. Surface contaminations or moisture 6. Defective potential transformers and current transformers 7. Defects in circuit breaker insulation structure RLA (RESIDUAL LIFE ASSESSMENT) STUDY OF TRANSFORMER 1. Online test i.e. Infrared thermography, External inspection, routine oil tests of main tank and LTC, DGA & Furan. 2. Operation of fan and pumps. 3. Offline tests i.e. Capacitance and tan delta, ratio, Winding resistance Insulation resistance, polarization index, magnetic balance, SFRA, DCRM of LTC etc. 4. Moisture analysis of paper insulation METHOD UTILIZED FOR THE DETECTION OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE: 1. Acoustic : Band Width- 20kHz – 300kHZ 2. TEV ( Transient Earth Voltage) : Band Width – 3MHZ-100 MHZ 3. UHF ( Ultra High Frequency) : Band Width – 300MHZ- 1500MHZ 4. HFCT ( High Frequency Current Transformer) : Band Width – 500kHz – 50 MHZ 5. Ultrasonic : Band Width – 40kH POWER QUALITY MONITORING & ANALYSIS Standard: IEC 61000-4-30 1. It can record and analyze different types of power quality parameters such as voltage, current, harmonic, frequency, fluctuation, flicker, swell, sag, power and three-phase unbalance of power supply line OVER CURRENT/EARTH FAULT RELAY(50/51/50N/51N/67/67N) 1. Pickup , Drop off & Threshold Test 2. I-t characteristics curve test 3. MTA test of Directional Relays,Tracing of Angle Limit 4. Curve Analysis DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS(87) 1. IDIFF.Pickup Test 2. Stability Check,Biasing ,Over Flux Test 3. 3rd Harmonic Test 4. Analysis of ID-IR graph & Restraining Characteristics OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE RELAYS(27/59/91) 1. Delta Ramp Test 2. Pickup,Drop off Test 3. Zone test of Voltage Directional Relay 4. Curve Analysis DISTANCE RELAYS(21) 1. Impedance Evaluation in Z-plane 2. Finding the R/X characteristics&Z-t diagram 3. Testing of the voltage dependent overcurrent starting function 4. of distance relays

HAZOP

Hazard and Operability (HAZOP / SAFOP) studies use a structured, collaborative approach to identify, assess, eliminate or minimize potential hazards present in Electrical Power System Installations to enhance the safety of personnel who will operate and maintain the equipment. Electrical systems can present significant risks to operation and maintenance personnel if they are not designed ,with safety and operation correctly taken into account. In the UK the Electricity at Work Regulations impose absolute requirements on Duty holders to control danger and prevent harm to employees involved in electrical activities. Similar requirements are stipulated in NFPA 70E. Electrical systems can present major hazards to operation and maintenance personnel if they are not designed with safety and operation properly taken into account.

An EHAZOP/SAFOP assessment typically comprises: Safety Analysis (SAFAN) which considers the layout of plant and facilities to assess potential hazards, System Security (ability to discriminate and isolate only affected faulted areas) and Operability Analysis (SYSOP), which considers the way the system is designed to function, reviewing the design intent, and assessing security of supply. It covers the main equipment items and auxiliaries including multiple supplies, on-site generation, changeover schemes, standby generation and UPS systems and Operator Task Analysis (OPTAN), which examines probable tasks to be undertaken by local and remote operators during both normal and abnormal conditions These three elements, when combined, form a complete EHAZOP/SAFOP assessment process. In the early stages of a project it is advisable to carry out a SAFAN and SYSOP once the basis of design is established. A complete SAFOP, including OPTAN, should be undertaken when the details of the design and the selected equipment have been established in enough detail. The EHAZOP/SAFOP methodology can also be applied to undertake the required EHAZOP/SAFOP assessments on existing installations as part of periodic safety reviews. A key deliverable is that the basis of safety is challenged and better understood by stakeholders. Courtesy: solutions.abb.com industrialautomation-consultingservices

Typical grade of stainless steel and application

a) 304 stainless steel round bar -- Shaft making for machinery , offers high resistance to corrosion and oxidation, in the chemical and atmospheric exposure, high weldability and has high fabricability too b) 316 stainless steel round bar--316 ss products perform better at higher temperatures and they have excellent tensile strength and weldability, and as 316 grade is considered premium, they can be used more effectively in the shafts. used in duct works, gate latches, heaters, in pump shafts and several other high pressure applications.etc. c) 202 stainless steel round bar--used in various construction projects. They are also used in pump shafts, dairy equipment, machine tools, The SS 202 Square bar material comes with high machinability and they produce long chips. Here, machining can be performed in annealed condition.

d) 410 stainless steel Plate--he SS410 Material shows a considerable amount of resistance in the atmospheric conditions, which includes water and different types of chemicals. It can be efficiently used in weak or diluted acid environments, they can also effectively resist the acids present in different food materials. e) 416 stainless steel Plate--The AISI 416 Plate material possesses a crystalline structure, which gets altered when exposed to an elevated temperature, followed by cooling at a specific rate. The Inox 416 Plate can be efficiently used in both domestic and commercial applications. f) 420 stainless steel Plate--The Stainless Steel 420 Plate can resist corrosion to the maximum when it is hardened and its surface is polished. It can effectively resist corrosion in different media like atmosphere, fresh water, foods, and acids Courtesy: https://www.sanghvienterprise.com/profile.html

Indian Government Initiatives for steel wire

 

The Indian government has been providing support and nurturing the growth of the steel wire industry through a number of policies. In 2017, the Indian government introduced the National Steel Policy (NSP) aiming to take India’s steel production capacity to 300 million metric tons by 2030, as well as enhancing India’s domestic consumption, producing high-quality steel and making India’s steel sector globally competitive. The NSP 2017 Policy was aimed to boost economic growth through measures such as meeting steel demand domestically through availability of raw materials and capacity additions and in a cost-effective manner.

steel wire 

The Indian government launched another major policy in 2019, called the Steel Scrap Recycling Policy, which provided a framework to facilitate and promote establishment of metal scrapping centers in India for scientific processing and recycling of ferrous scrap generated from various sources. Through this policy the government helped create a conducive ecosystem for the entrepreneurs and investors to establish scrapping centers in the country. This is to recycle and reuse scrap to produce high quality steel. This will ensure more steel production and, thus, reduce dependency on imports.

Under the recent Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for Specialty Steel, launched in 2021, the government aims to promote specialty steel manufacturing in India, through attracting capital investment, generating employment as well as promoting technology up-gradation in the steel sector. With a major five-year financial outlay of INR 6322 crore, the scheme has taken up 67 applications from 30 companies in December 2022. This will attract a committed investment of INR 42,500 crore. The government’s support for the steel wire sector will help the industry to grow and meet the growing demand for steel wire products in India and around the world.

The government has also announced a policy for providing preference to domestically manufactured iron and steel products in government procurement. The government is providing incentives to put up steel wire plants in rural and semi-rural areas, providing export incentives for export of high carbon, alloy steel and spring steel wires, as well as reducing power tariffs for industries to make them a viable unit.

Thereby, there are positive chances for growth of cable and wire industries. Some Key Players are-

1.       SAIL

2.       TATA steel

3.       JSW

4.       Jindal

5.       AM/NS India

6.       POSCO

It was around 11.68% of the total export of Cable. The value of Cable exported from India in October 2020 was 101.49 USD million. Major countries where Cable was exported in October 2020 are USA(14.86), Bangladesh(8.27), Turkey(5.76), United Kingdom(5.51), Ethiopia(4.94).

Ref: https://www.wirecable.in