Lighting:
Light is defined as visually evaluated radiant energy. Artificial lighting or illumination is required for indoor outdoor location for clear visual perception of objects and surrounding.
Necessity
· Required for ease of life
· For safety
· For beauty
· For journey at night
· For business
· For production
· For medial
Important applications
· Indoor lighting
· Outdoor lighting
· Lighting in hazardous area
· Lighting in mine
· Domestic lighting
· Industrial lighting
· Lighting for monument
· Street lighting
· Training hall
· Shopping mall
· High way lighting
Desirable qualities
Clear perception without glare
Adequate illumination
Uniformity
Economical
Aesthetic and beautiful look
Types of lamps
Incandescent lamp
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light which produces light with a filament wire heated to a high temperature by an electric current passing through it, until it glows. The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass bulb that is filled with inert gas (or evacuated).
Fluorescent lamp
A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a gas-discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor. The excited mercury atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light
High intensity discharge lamp
High-intensity discharge lamps (HID lamps) are a type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates the arc's initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metal salts forming a plasma, which greatly increases the intensity of light produced by the arc and reduces its power consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp.
Mercury vapour lamp
A mercury-vapour lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through vaporized mercury to produce light. The arc discharge is generally confined to a small fused quartz arc tube mounted within a larger borosilicate glass bulb.
Metal Halide Lamp
A metal-halide lamp is an electric light that produces light by an electric arc through a gaseous mixture of vaporized mercury and metal halides (compounds of metals with bromine or iodine). It is a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) gas discharge lamp.
High pressure sodium lamp
High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are smaller and contain additional elements such as mercury, and produce a dark pink glow when first struck, and an intense pinkish orange light when warmed.
Low pressure sodium lamp
A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. Low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps have a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube (arc tube) containing solid sodium.
Carbon arc lamp
"Arc lamp" or "arc light" is the general term for a class of lamps that produce light by an electric arc (also called a voltaic arc). The lamp consists of two electrodes, first made from carbon but typically made today of tungsten, which are separated by a gas. The type of lamp is often named by the gas contained in the bulb; including neon, argon, xenon, krypton, sodium, metal halide, and mercury, or by the type of electrode as in carbon-arc lamps.
Induction lamp
An electrode less lamp or induction light is a light source in which the power required to generate light is transferred from outside the lamp envelope to inside via electromagnetic fields, in contrast with a typical electrical lamp that uses electrical connections through the lamp envelope to transfer power.
CFL
A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light, and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent lamp; some types fit into light fixtures formerly used for incandescent lamps.
T5 lamps are fluorescent lamps that are 5/8" of an inch in diameter. The "T" in lamp nomenclature represents the shape of the lamp-tubular. The number following the "T" usually represents the diameter of the lamp in eighths of an inch (1 inch equals 2.5 centimetres). T5 lamps have a diameter equal to 5 times an eighth of an inch, or 5/8".
LAMP CODE
LAMP CODE FOR MERCURRY
Sr.
|
Letter position
|
Indicates
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1
|
1st letter
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Medium , example ,M=mercury
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2
|
2nd letter
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Pressure
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A=Medium pressure
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B=high pressure
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C= low pressure
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D=extra high pressure
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E= extra high pressure
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3
|
3rd and 4th
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Construction, coating, reflector
|
F=fluorescent coating
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I = halide additive to arc
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L=double end
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R=reflector
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T=tungsten filament
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4
|
Last letter
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Mounting
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U=universal
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V=vertical
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H=horizontal
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Bu=base up, BD=base down
|
LAMP CODE FOR SODIUM
Sr.
|
Letter position
|
Indicates
|
1
|
1st letter
|
Medium , example ,s=sodium
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2
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2nd , 3rd letter
|
LI=long, low pressure, cap at each end
|
OX=single ended, low pressure, u shaped
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ON=high pressure , oxide arc tube
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3
|
Last
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T=high pressure, clear glass, tubular ,single end
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TD=high pressure , tubular, double end
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