Distribution transformer vs power transformer

Power Transformer	Distribution Transformer
Power transformers are utilized in transmission network of higher voltages for step-up and step down application (200 kV, 400 kV, 66 kV, 110 kV, 33kV) and are generally evaluated over 200MVA.	Distribution transformers are utilized for lower voltage conveyance systems as a implies to conclusion client network. ( 6.6 kV, 11kV, 440V, 3.3 kV, 230V) and are generally appraised less than 200 MVA.
Power transformer is utilized for the transmission reason at heavy load, high voltage more prominent than 33 KV & 100% effectiveness.	The distribution transformer is utilized for the conveyance of electrical energy at low voltage as less than 33KV in industrial reason and 440v-220v in domestic reason
Power Transformers are utilized in Transmission network so they don’t straightforwardly interface to the customers, so load variances are exceptionally less.	Power Transformers are utilized in Conveyance Network so specifically associated to the consumer so load vacillations are exceptionally high
Power transformers are utilized for transmission as a step up gadgets so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow	Distribution transformers clearly cannot be planned like this. Subsequently the all-day-efficiency comes into picture whereas planning it.
The most difference between power and distribution transformer is distribution transformer is outlined for greatest efficiency at 60% to 70% load	Distribution Transformer is utilized at the distribution level where voltages tend to be lower

Courtesy

https://www.rajasthanpower.in/distribution-transformers/#rating

Certificate course in electrical trade for petroleum industry , a suggestion.

Duration of the course - one year 

 1. Basic of electricity, ohm law, types of power, its application, 

 2. Basic of Load calculation and energy meter 

3. Basic of AC and DC machine, type and application 

 4. Power generation and transmission 

 5. Basic of power distribution, substation, H-Pole

 6. Insulator and conductor , wire size, cable size, gland, cable socket , termination 

 7. Type of starter and application 

 8. Protection device like bimetallic relay, fuse, MCB,MCCB, ELCB/RCCCB, measuring instrument 

 9. Domestic wiring and circuit , different type of illumination, daily use appliances 10. Installation of motor, transformer, street pole 

 11. Maintenance of motor, transformer, MCC panel 

12. Hazardous and non-hazardous area, Electrical safety, permit, LOTO, introduction to OISD

 

Practical- 

1. Domestic wiring, minimum 2 socket and 5 switches with fan and light 

2. Testing of thermostat of electrical press and geyser 3. Motor connection with DOL starter and testing 

4. Battery connection in parallel and series , voltage check 

 5. Cable gland and termination 

 6. Connection of 1-phae and 3-phase motor 

 7. Preparing substation log book 

 8. Insulation resistance check, Earth test, current test , continuity test, voltage check 1-3 phase, battery gravity test 

 9. Street pole connection and test Practical copy – any six of above for evaluation

winding copper weight and gross weight induction motor, submersible motor

 

Winding and weight of induction and submersible motor –

winding weight and motor weight

Typical motor, 3 Ph, 40 H, 415v

Sr.	KW	HP	Copper winding weight(kg)	Total weight	Remarks
Submersible motor pump set
1	1.5	2	1.2	15
2	2.2	3	1.8	25
3	26	35	21	95
4	30	40	24	111
5	37	50	30	120
Induction motor
1	5.5	7.5	4.5	72
2	7.5	10	6	80
3	11	15	9	121
4	15	20	12	138
5	22	30	18	200
6	30	40	24	266
7	37	50	30	333
8	55	75	45	492
9	75	100	60	620

 

 

 

 

Nominal sped of submersible motor

3" motor                                              N = 2800 rpm

4" motor                                              N =2900 rpm

6" motor                                              N=2900 rpm

8" & 10" motor                                  N=2900 rpm

 

Note:

1)      Weights are approximate.

2)      Copper weight is @ 600gm per HP (+/-) 10%.

3)      Copper weight varies acceding to RPM , selected for 1440 RPM in case of induction motor

4)      Gross weight of motor  increases with decrease of RPM

The above data is for academic purpose only. Readers are requested to verify with manufacturer.

ELECTRICAL CONSULTANCY CHARGE

Electrical Consultancy charge depends on the various factors but depending on City to city. We can say in general- 

1) 1.5-2% - of project cost

a)      Includes- detail drawing, specification, costing, maximum visit -2 nos.

b)      Excludes - site visit for inspection and execution support.

c)      Distance  upto 30 km from the consultant office

2) 2-3 % of project cost

a)      Includes- detail drawing, specification, costing

b)      Includes – 8 visits either for inspection or execution support,

a)      distance  upto 30 km from the consultant office

3) Visit charges-

b)      Approx- 5000/- per visit,

c)      Distance upto 30 km from the consultant office for inspection or execution support.

4) Mutually agreement

a)      between  consultant and  client

5) Assistant charge:

a)      It may be included in case 1, 2. For case 3, Rs 2500/- per visit,

b)      Distance upto 30 km from the consultant office.

 Note: in reality the consultancy fee is not actually dependent on the type of work. It depends on your status. you can charge as per your knowledge and popularity. State or central govt. has some own rules but it is difficult to estimate.

GENERAL ROLE OF ELECTRICAL CONSULTANT

ENGINEERING SERVICES:

a)      Data accumulation for electrical & allied systems through meetings with client and other consultants

b)      Load calculations and assessment of actual demand, possible maximum demands, dimension, rating of transformer, substation requirements, D.G. set requirements.

c)      Liaison work with Statutory Agencies.

d)      Detail engineering of the power system like distribution cables, Panels & Distribution boards, cable sizing, power outlets, and power wiring.

e)      Layouts for the power distribution system.

f)       Single line diagrams.

g)      Lighting scheme design for internal and external lighting, lighting layouts with SLDs.

h)      Selection of fixtures and detailing of mounting

i)        Detail engineering & layout drawings for lightening protection & earthing systems

j)        Detailing and drawings for communication, fire detection and alarm systems, Security systems if any

k)      Preparation of Technical specification for equipment and works.

l)        Preparation of bill of quantities and estimates based on BOQ and Specs

m)   Floating Inquiries / Tenders consisting of;

a.      General terms of contract

b.      Technical specifications

c.       Schedule of quantities

d.      Drawings

n)      Technical and commercial comparison of quotes for above recommendation, negotiations, order drafts etc.

o)       Preparation of work schedule and programs based on available information and inputs from clients.

Typical project

1. Industrial Projects
2. Multi Storied building
3. Multiplexes
4. Commercial Complexes
5. Residential Colonies
6. Hotels & Resorts
7. Hospitals
8. Hostel
9. Dharamshala
10. Sports Stadiums
11. Shopping Centers
12. Institutional Buildings
13. Temples
14. Street lighting
15. Road lighting
16. Township Projects etc.