Illumination or lighting design

Illumination or lighting design

Lighting is an essential service in all the industries, Public place, offices, home etc.Lighting  varies between 2 to 10% of the total power depending on the type of industry. Innovation and continuous improvement in the field of lighting, has given rise to tremendous change Energy saving may not be ignored with variety of light.

Required for

¨  Required for ease of life

¨  For safety

¨  For beauty

¨  For journey

¨  For business

¨  For production

¨  For medial 

Terminology

¨  Lumen is a unit of light flow or luminous flux. The lumen rating of a lamp is a measure of the total light output of the lamp.

¨  Lux is the metric unit of measure for illuminance of a surface. One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter.

¨   Circuit Watts is the total power drawn by lamps and ballasts in a lighting circuit under assessment.

¨   Unit: lux per watt per square metre (lux/W/m²)

¨  Incandescent lamps produce light by means of a filament heating

¨  GLS (General Lighting Service) lamp include the filament, the bulb, the fill gas and the cap.

¨  Reflector lamps are basically incandescent, provided with a high quality internal mirror, which follows exactly the parabolic shape..

¨  Luminaire is a device that distributes, filters or transforms the light emitted from one or more lamps. It is a housing.

¨  Ballast-A current limiting device, to counter negative resistance characteristics of any discharge lamps.

¨  Ignitors:These are used for starting high intensity Metal Halide and Sodium vapour lamps

Gas discharge lamp

The light from a gas discharge lamp is produced by the excitation of gas contained in either a tubular or elliptical outer bulb.

The most commonly used discharge lamps are as follows:

¨  • Fluorescent tube lamps (FTL)

¨  • Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)

¨  • Mercury Vapour Lamps

¨  • Sodium Vapour Lamps

¨  • Metal Halide Lamps

Light orientation

¨  Diffuse light: This produces very uniform, soft lighting, which illuminates the entire space and makes objects visible, but produces reduced shadows or reflections.

¨  Directed light :The essential properties of directed light are the production of shadows on objects and structured surfaces, and reflections on specular objects

Application area

¨  Indoor lighting

¨  Out door lighting

¨  Lighting in hazardous area

¨  Lighting in mine

¨  Domestic lighting

¨  Industrial lighting

¨  Lighting for monument

¨  Street lighting

¨  Training hall

¨  Shopping mall

¨  High way lighting

¨  otels, reception, room, bar room, conference room

¨  Housing colony

¨  Auditorium

¨  Cinema hall

¨  Fair

¨  Club

¨  Street lighting

¨  Park lighting

¨  Light house

¨  Religious place

further reading: a practical guide to cable installation and tool box talk

electrical safety at home do and donot

Toll box talk: Do’s And Don’ts for Safety in the Use of Domestic Appliances.

Care for:

·         Ensure to isolate power before maintenance

Do’s

·         Buy only standard electrical appliance

·         Wire is free from cuts and damaged

·         Suggest 3 pin top/socket only

·         Suggest ISI marked equipment only

·         Care for glass/fragile items

·         Stand far for some time if mercury tube is broken as mercury is injurious to health

·         Ensure earth connection in switch board/DB box

·         Ensure no glass or sharp item is in working area

·         Use dustbin for cotton waste/CRC used bottle

·         Ensure all wiring is neatly tied or dressed

·         Avoid taped joint

·         Putt off the switch when appliance not in use

·         Ensure appliance periodic check for defect and electrical leakage

·         Ensure working voltage, current and operating time is per name plate rating

·         Protect appliances against moisture, dust, water ingress, high temperature

·         Ensure rotary equipment are free from child approach like Fan etc

·         Always call qualified electricians for repair of circuit and defect

·         Ensure proper size of fuse wire rating

·         Treat all electrical circuit “LIVE” unless found dead

·         During electrical accident, ensure switch off power elsewhere

·         Give artificial respiration to the victim/call for a doctor

Don’ts

·         Don’t overload wire /MCB

·         Don’t use so many jig jag connection or tops

·         Don’t use vacuum cleaner for sweeping mercury

·         Don’t leave the cover open

·         Don’t stand on balcony or railing

·         Don’t forget to discharge the capacitor

·         Don’t use rusted or strained nut bolt

·         Don’t use un-sleeved  pliers /screw driver

·         Don’t throw cable piece, cover, spare from top

·         Don’t touch water when immersion rod is ÖN

·         Don’t work with wet hand, shoes, chappals on electrical circuit

·         Don’t clean electrical switch with wet cloth/cotton

·         Don’t replace blown fuse unless fault is diagnosed

·         Don’t touch exposed electrical circuit

·         Don’t throw water on electrical appliance/ electrical  fire

·         Don’t remove the mesh, safety guard of fan etc

·         Don’t place curtain, cloth cotton cover , combustible items near electricity

·         Don’t put too many plugs in one socket to avoid over load

HOT work Tool box talk

HOT WORK

SEVEN KEY LESSONS FROM HOT WORK ACCIDENTS

1. Use Alternatives – Whenever possible, avoid hot work and consider alternative methods.

2. Analyze the Hazards – Prior to the initiation of hot work, perform a hazard assessment that identifies the scope of the work, potential hazards, and methods of hazard control.

3. Monitor the Atmosphere – Conduct effective gas monitoring in the work area using a properly

Calibrated combustible gas detector prior to and during hot work activities, even in areas where a

Flammable atmosphere is not anticipated.

4. Test the Area – In work areas where flammable liquids and gases are stored or handled, drain

and or purge all equipment and piping before hot work is conducted. When welding on or in the vicinity of storage tanks and other containers, properly test and if necessary continuously monitor all surrounding tanks or adjacent spaces (not just the tank or container being worked on) for the presence of flammables and eliminate potential sources of flammables.

5. Use Written Permits – Ensure that qualified personnel familiar with the specific site hazards review  and authorize all hot work and issue permits specifically identifying the work to be conducted and the required precautions.

6. Train Thoroughly – Train personnel on hot work policies/procedures, proper use and calibration of combustible gas detectors, safety equipment, and job specific hazards and controls in a language understood by the workforce.

7. Supervise Contractors – Provide safety supervision for outside contractors conducting hot work. Inform contractors about site-specific hazards including the presence of flammable materials

The above seven key lessons not only to be read but to be practiced in all our activities whatever small to avoid any untoward incident.

Tool box talk is essential to analyse and understand the situation and to prepare ourselves to take preventive action before it could occur. One person may not be able to understand the situation but 3-4 people together can overcome any situation if they analyse and then act. 

Feeder Pillar Panel technical specification

 Feeder Pillar Panel  typical- technical specification 

Supply of metal clad, Pedestal mounted 415 volts. Feeder Pillar Panel made of CRCA Sheet, Powder coated painting on a suitable size angle iron frame (MS channel base for grouting in the RCC and proper gland in the bottom) with required hardware such as nuts, bolts, washers, provision for earthing with 40mmx5mm GI strip on both sides of the feeder pillar panel, complete with Ammeter & Voltmeter along with selector switches and CTs, LED indicating lamps for each phase with the technical specification as given below-

·         Incoming: 250 A SFU with 250 A HRC fuse.

feeder pillar typical

·         Outgoing: Five Nos. of outgoing SFU units of rating 125 A with 125 A HRC fuse.

·         Aluminum bus bar & Interconnecting copper wires.

·         The feeder pillar will be having one 10 Amp 3 pin socket outlet with 10 Amp switch and one brass batten holder fitted in metering panel compartment and directly fed from incoming.

·         The overall dimensions of the feeder pillar shall be 1500x1200x 700 mm (LengthxWidthx depth) and thickness of the CRCA sheet shall be 14 SWG.

·         MS Angle iron size for frame shall be 50mmx50mm.

·         Feeder pillar panel shall be of class IP-55 & a canopy shall be provided at its top to protect the feeder pillar panel against the rain &  sunlight.

·         Feeder pillar panel shall be of double door type with provision of gasket. Provision of transparent sheet shall be made to take reading of Ammeter & Voltmeter with out opening the door.

·         Incoming to Feeder Pillar cable size: At least 2x3.5cx185 sqmm.

·         Outgoing from FP cable size: at least 3.5cx70 sqmm.

·         Cable entry/ outgoing from bottom through PVC glands only.

·         Powder coating shade shall be RAL 7032 with a thickness of 80 micron minimum.

·         Neutral cables for incomer and outgoing will be terminated in neutral bus bar.

·         Lifting hook to be provided for easy handling of Feeder Pillar Panel.

·         Pedestal shall be made of RCC mixture 1:1.5:3.

·         All dimensions are in mm. General tolerances on dimensions ±10 mm.

Manufacturer have to submit GA drawings with exact size and arrangement of all the components of reputed brands for approval.

carbon emission v/s electrical appliance

Save Energy Save Environment

The negative effect of human activities on environment is not only seen in India but also in whole world. It results like ‘global temperature ‘or global warming’. The reduction of energy sources and rising ratio of carbon in environment has worried us all. Greenhouse Gas (abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.

Sulphur oxide(SOx)

CO2 emission per capita

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Nitrous oxide (NOx)

Ozone (O3)

CFCs (Chloro Fluro Carbon)

This concept is wrong that global warming is caused only from operations of thermal plants, factories etc. The carbon emission is also caused from Electrical Appliances, like-

The AC s and fridges are contributing more to carbon emission. An average calculation is that Carbon emission from household appliances is 1190 kg Per Annum per family. The average household creates 10 Tonnes of CO₂ per year in UK and 22 Tons of CO₂ in the US as a primary carbon footprint.

CO2 emission in kg per annum

Reduction in carbon emission from zero electricity hours-

Ø  Load 3 MW = 3000KW, Power Cut Time:30 minute per month

Ø  Load in KWH =3000KWx0.5H = 1500 KWH or Unit

Ø  Carbon emission per month = 1500UX 0.69 Kg CO2 = 1035Kg CO2 emission saved

Carbon emission saving ANNUALLY =1035 X12= 12420 KG =12.4 ton

 (Ref: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/refs.html), CO₂ emission = 6.89 × 10^-4 metric tons CO₂ / kWh

Energy saving from zero electricity hours-

Ø  Load 3 MW = 3000KW, Power Cut Time:30 minute

Ø  Load in KWH =3000KWx0.5H = 1500 KWH or Unit

Ø  Cost of saving = 1500 x @Rs.7.00 = Rs.10500/-

It will be a great contribution to energy conservation & sustainable development to environment. Every unit of electricity or gas that we use results in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions to the atmosphere. If we reduce our electricity then we save money and reduce the CO₂ emissions and we should be responsible for that.

A practical guide to cable installation and tool box talk

A practical guide to cable installation and tool box talk 

A practical guide to cable installation, wire and tool box talk is a comprehensive coverage on every aspect of estimation, installation, testing and commissioning of cable and wire. In this book it is intended to serve as ready reference for electrical engineers, contractors, architects, estimators, students and academicians. 

The book has been divided in three p

A practical guide to cable installation and tool box talk 

arts

v Concept on cable

v Cable accessories and

v Tool box talk.

v  CONTENTS

-  Concepts on Cable; Cable Construction; Cable Application and Size; Cable Manufacturing   Process;

-Cable Manufacturing; Cable Insulating Material; Electrical Characteristics of   Cable; Cable Conductor;

-Typical XLPE Power Cable (11 KV & 33 KV) Specification;

  Communication Cable; Handling & Storage of Cable; Selection of Cable;

-Junction Boxes;

  -Cable Fault Location; Heating in Cable; Corrosion in Underground Power Cable; Test on

  Cable;

-Typical Test Equipments for Wires and Cables; Cable Installation or Cable Laying;

 - HV Cable Sheath Earthing Bonding; Electrification of Small House; Abbreviation;

-Cable   Terminology; Electrical Glossary; Thumb Rule;

-Standards on Cable;

-Schedule of Rate (SOR); Tool Box Talk

Tool box talk is very special for safety and production point of view. Supervisors and contract manpower will be benefited in day to day work.

Available with book shop and -

http://www.amazon.in

http://www.abebooks.com

www.discoverypublishinggroup.com

Price: Rs. 375/- excluding delivery charges

web: www.discoverypublishinggroup.com

Ceiling fan technical specification

 

Ceiling fan technical specification

Type test report shall indicate clearly the following parameters:-

1 a) Blade angle at root, elevation and at tip

  b) Width, thickness and material of the blade.

  c) Capacitance value.

  d) Material of the body of the fan motor

  e) Total weight of the fan motor.

2. Blade thickness without paint is not less than 1.0 mm for sweep 1200 mm.

3. The material of the fan blade shall be of designation 31500B with condition Hx6 Aluminium Alloy Sheet conforming to IS:737/2008.

4. The load bearing bolt shall be of min. 6 mm dia with aluminum Clamp, Spring Washer, Nut and Check nut and Split Pin.

5. Down rod shall be of 1.6 mm nominal thick ERW pipe.

6. Shackle made from 2 mm nominal thick CRC sheet

7. Bolts (2 nos.) shall be 6mm with Spring Washer Nut and Check nut and Split Pin.

8. Shank shall be made of CRC sheet of thickness 1.6 mm minimum without paint for all sizes.

9. Shackle cover: poly propylene.

Note to Bidders:

a) The bidder is authorized dealer, distributor or OEM (original equipment manufacturer).

b) In case of dealer or distributor, the certificated to be submitted along with offer.

c) The manufacturer shall maintain themselves all test like rpm, speed, insulation test, HV test etc as per relevant ISI.

d) The bidder has to send any 10 nos. of test repot of ceiling fans with serial no before dispatch of fans.

e) The COSTOMER reserves right either to inspect at shop floor or can give dispatch clearance by reviewing the test repot at sole discretion of IOCL.

f) The COSTOMER may witness any 10 samples at random at shop floor at sole discretion of IOCL.

g) Warrantee is not less than 02 years.

Specifications of 1200 MM  C/FAN

1. Rated voltage   : 220-240 v, AC, 50 Hz.

2. Rated speed     : 340 -370 r.p.m.

3. Rated air delivery: 210 m³/min.

4. Power consumption: Not more than 63 watts.

5. Class of insulation: B

6. Power factor: More than 0. 9

7. Motor body cover: Al. pressure die casted & CRCA sheet

8. Capacitor   : 1.6- 2.0 mfd.

9. Ball bearing: Double ball bearing.

10. Blade: Blade of Al. alloy sheet with 3 nos. blade.

11. Down rod: 300 mm long, Cold rolled pipe

12. Shackle assembly: With Al. spacer clamp for additional safety

13. Insulation test   : Not less than 2mega ohms.

14. HV Test   : With 1.5kv Voltage for 1min.

15. Leakage Current: Not more than 210 mili amp.