Various electrical laboratory test and purpose

Equipment name- LT & MV Power Cables, Go Switches, AB Switches, porcelain Insulator, Current Transformer, Voltage transformer. Test Name 

  Partial discharge test – Partial discharge measurement of cables is very important as it gives an indication of expected life of the cable. When a cable is subjected to high voltage and if there is a void in the cable, the void breaks down and a discharge takes place. 

Impulse withstands voltage test- The test samples are subjected to positive and negative impulse voltage of magnitude as specified in specification; the sample should withstand without any damage. 

Power frequency withstand voltage test (HVT)- electrical products are tested for power frequency A.C. and D.C. voltages. The test voltage is applied on the sample for specified time. the sample is said to have withstood the test if no insulation failure/ flashover /puncture takes place during specified time duration. Dielectric power factor test (Tan Delta Test) -the healthiness of electrical samples can be determined by the ratio of the resistive component to the capacitive component. For good samples, this ratio would be quite low. This ratio is commonly known as tan δ or tan delta 

Hot Set Test - A Measure to Determine the Amount of Cross-Linking Achieved, for Cured Materials such as XLPE and Elastomers Hot Air Aging Test- The hot air aging test is one of the main test methods for evaluating polymer materials and studying the aging resistance of polymer materials. It is usually carried out in a constant temperature blast drying test chamber.

 Electrical Resistance- Electrical Resistance is an electrical quantity that measures how the device or material reduces the electric current flow through it. The resistance is measured in units of ohms (Ω). Tensile Strength: Tensile strength is usually measured as the amount of force in newtons per square mm or megapascals (MPa) required to pull a specimen to the point of material failure. This test is accomplished by placing a dumbbell shaped specimen into the grips, or jaws. 

Elongation – Elongation is measured by applying tensile force, or stretching the material in the same manner as described previously, and determining the change in length from original. Elongation is expressed as a percentage of the original length. Ultimate elongation is the percentage change in length from original to rupture.

 Thermal stability – tests are conducted on PVC materials in order to determine the rate of thermal degradation at elevated temperatures. 

Power Frequency Wet Voltage Withstand Test -The test voltage applied to the samples is the specified value of the wet power frequency withstand voltage adjusted for atmospheric condition at the time of test.

 Water Absorption – 

 a) This test is done to ascertain the quantity of water absorbed when the insulation or sheath of cable laid underground comes into contact with water. 

 b) Loss of mass is the evaluation of loss of plasticisers and lubricants due to volatilisation during heating. 

Shrinkage Test – Cable testing for shrinkage is designed to check if the insulation material will shrink back whilst in service Heat Shock Test – Replicates the stress of bending and heating on the cable to check for any failure as evidenced by cracks appearing in the materials Hot deformation test – Thermoplastics tend to deform under high temperatures and small damage during movement or under installation to cable, can cause a puncture or cut of insulation Cold bend and cold impact testing - This method determines the resistance to impact or shock of the thermoplastic and elastomeric insulation or sheath at low temp 

Insulation Resistance (IR) test- insulation resistance test measures the total resistance between any two points separated by electrical insulation 

Bending test - bending tensile test) is a method of testing materials for their bending strength. Flammability test - Flammability testing determines how easily a material or finished product will ignite or burn when exposed to or used near fire or heat.

electrical laboratory test

Heat cycle test - The test to confirm the effect on power supply caused by the repetition of temperature change. 

ASTM G154 _ (UV Test) ASTM G154 - testing uses fluorescent light sources that can simulate UVA or UVB. This technique is used to evaluate the impact of UV exposure on a product’s mechanical properties 

ASTM G53 (UV Test)- This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) and condensation apparatus to simulate the deterioration caused by sunlight and water as rain or dew. This test covers the technique to confirm the thickness, diameter of sample, height, width & length conform to relative specification requirements. 

Test Method for Density of Smoke or ASTM D2843-22- This test method serves to determine the extent to which plastic materials are likely to smoke under conditions of active burning and decomposition in the presence of flame. 

Halogen Acid Gas Evolution- The test is to determine the amount of halogen acid gases that are created when cable insulation and sheathing compounds are burned 

Oxygen Index with Temperature Index - To determine the minimum percentage of Oxygen required to support flame combustion of a material at Room Temperature or at a Higher Temperature. (Up to 400 deg. C) 

 Torsion test -The purpose of a torsion test is to determine the behaviour a material or test sample exhibits when twisted or under torsional forces as a result of applied. Melt Flow Index, (MFI) is a measure of the ease of flow of the melt of a thermoplastic polymer. 

Carbon Black Content -To determine the average of carbon black content especially in polyethylene materials by pyrolysis method, like plastic pipes, films, sheets, cables Wrapping Test– The wrapping test is a ductility test which is employed to evaluate the ability of metallic wire to undergo plastic deformation during wrapping. 

Carbon Black Dispersion- This test method is used to determine the average carbon black dispersion in materials like Films, Plastic Pipes, Cables, Sheets. 

Stress strain Test Stress-Strain Diagram expresses a relationship between a load applied to a material and the deformation of the material. 

Source: Ghaziabad Testing Laboratories Pvt. Ltd