Sunday, 1 June 2025

city choupal for sustainable development, creation of job, promotion of renewable energy, environment protection and social uplift

 

Project: Development or creation of city choupal in the city, aside to national highway, at tourist/public places etc. for sustainable development, creation of job, promotion of renewable energy, environment protection and social uplift.

city choupal

Background

How Sustainability influences the environment & society

The responsible management of natural resources to ensures that they are available for current and future generations both. Sustainability significantly impacts the environment and as well as society by using minimal uses of resources, minimizing pollution, minimizing de-forestation, and minimal disturbance to nature’s installation. Sustainability usually has three dimensions: a) environmental, b) economic, and c) social

We can use our resources wisely and invokes our stakeholder to use natural resources judiciously. The following points to be taken care for sustainability.

GHG Emissions

Greenhouse gases contribute to climate change. These emissions come from industrial operations, transportation, and energy use, including fuel combustion and direct releases from processes like natural resource extraction and power generation. It includes carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, NF₃). This topic covers Scope 1 (direct emissions from company operations), Scope 2 (indirect emissions from purchased energy), and Scope 3 (indirect emissions from the value chain) emissions.

Air Emissions

Air Quality refers to the management of pollutants released into the air from industrial operations, transportation, and fuel combustion. These pollutants—such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and heavy metals cause harm to human health, ecosystems, and local communities. Air gets polluted from activities like manufacturing, refining, energy production, and transportation.

Circularity Principle

It focuses on minimizing waste by promoting resource efficiency, reuse, and efficient disposal. Industries producing energy may generate both hazardous and non-hazardous waste, making sustainable waste management essential. Tactfully handling, re-treatment, and recycling help reduce environmental impact, ensure regulatory compliance, and support to sustainable circular economy.

Climate Adaptation, Resilience and Transition

Climate adaptation, resilience, and transition refers to how companies plan to current and anticipated climate change-related risks and opportunities as well as how it contributes to the ability of society and economy to withstand impacts from climate change. It engages strategies and actions aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize the carbon footprint of its operations. This includes transitioning to cleaner energy sources, investing in renewable energy technologies, and enhancing energy efficiency across its operations and supply chain.

Environmental Impact

Both Efficient land use and environmental management are essential for balancing operational needs with ecosystem preservation and community well-being. Industries producing energy interact with land and natural resources, making it crucial to minimize disruptions to ecosystems, wildlife, and local communities. By practicing sustainable operation, companies can reduce emissions, manage waste, conserve resources, and protect biodiversity, ensuring long-term environmental consistency and tangible growth.

Health and Safety

In the context of smart citizens, we must ensure that physical and psychological well-being of this ecosystem are healthy and sustainable. This involves implementing safety protocols, emergency response procedures, and health programs to prevent accidents and illnesses.

Local Community

Local communities are groups of individuals living, working, or otherwise situated in areas impacted or potentially impacted by an organization’s operations. These communities may exercise a range of socio-economic, cultural, health, and human rights effects to make society healthy. Effective community engagement is essential for understanding and addressing the vulnerabilities of these communities.

 

Talent Management

Talent management refers to the strategic approach an organization/government takes to attract, develop, retain, and optimize the performance of its employees/citizens. It involves a comprehensive set of practices and processes, succession planning, performance management, and awareness. The goal of talent management is to ensure the right people are in the right roles, with the necessary skills and motivation to achieve the organization’s objectives.

Diversity, Equity, Inclusion (DEI) & Human Rights

DEI & Human Rights are essential for fostering an inclusive, fair, and responsible environment. Diversity values differences in identity, background, and perspectives. Equity ensures fair access to opportunities by addressing systemic barriers, while Inclusion cultivates a culture where everyone feels respected, heard, and empowered. Upholding Human Rights, organizations must protect fundamental freedoms, ensure ethical labour practices, and create a safe, dignified, and discrimination-free environment for all individuals. Together, these principles promote a just and equitable society.

Asset Integrity & Process Safety

Asset Integrity and Process Safety refers to the systematic approach to ensuring the safety, reliability, and functioning of assets within society or organisation with the goal of preventing fatalities, injuries, environmental harm, and damage to local communities and infrastructure. This includes assessing risks, developing contingency plans, implementing safety protocols, running of awareness program time to time and maintenance of facilities to prevent failures, leaks, and other hazards that could lead to losses of water, land, forest and natural resources etc.

Grievance Redressal

Grievance redressal refers to the mechanisms and processes an organization establishes to receive, address, and resolve concerns, complaints, or disputes raised by employees, customers, communities, suppliers, or other stakeholders. An effective grievance redressal system ensures transparency, accountability, and timely resolution of issues related to workplace conditions, human rights, environmental impacts, business conduct, and other operational matters.

Customer Satisfaction by quality

Product quality refers to producer’s responsibility for the environmental, social, and safety impacts of its products and services throughout their lifecycle—from design and sourcing to production, distribution, use, and end-of-life disposal. Customer satisfaction focuses on how well a company meets or exceeds customer expectations regarding product quality, safety, performance, and service. It encompasses customer feedback mechanisms, complaint resolution processes, and continuous improvements based on user needs and preferences.

Note: there has been always a bottleneck of shortage of facility and information about city and tourist places. So city choupal is proposed to mitigate  

Benefit of city choupal formation –

1.      Security enhancement in locality

2.      Safety enhancement in locality

3.      Tourism development

4.      Awareness promotion for energy conservation, environment protection, cleanness  etc.

5.      50-200 people will get employment

6.      To impart training to City Guide who will guide local tourist and foreigner will be able to find hi/her employment himself/herself.

7.      City Guide will be ambassador for the city/tourist/ police/ fire control as such they will forward accident, suspicious person’s  intimation and any happening of his/her locality.

8.      City canteen will provide lunch on subsidized rate by which economically weak people will be benefitted.

9.      Pink e-rickshaw battery operated : 50-100 female will get employment if provided.

10. Siren motor – alarming nearby people by using sirsen.

11. Toilet and urinal for passerby and travellers either free or with minimum charge.

 

 

Modality of city choupal

City choupal is proposed to develop like small shopping centre where the following amenities will be created or developed-

1.      Installation of pre-fabricated kiosk shop cabin – 30-40 nos. In unity form for aesthetic look.

2.      Installation of air monitoring station

3.      Installation of light house

4.      Installation LED light on aesthetic look pole

5.      Installation of siren motor

6.      Installation of toilet and urinal for men/women separately.  

7.      Plantation of trees around three side if possible

8.      Display important telephone no like police, ambulance, fire , any helpline

9.      Display or scrolling of city video map or information

10. Installation of rain  harvesting pit if possible

11. Choupal colour –as per city theme

Typical size

city choupal size 

Location of city choupal

1.      Roundabout of city

2.      Entrance of city

3.      Aside by river front

4.      Aside by lake

5.      Aside by pond

6.      Aside by national highway

7.      Aside by tourist place

8.      Aside by big temple/church/ mosque/ gurudwara / village market/ secretariat building/ big parking/ public places / river bank  / bottom of mountain

Note: location should be 400-500 meter far from public places to avoid rush.

Illumination facility

Solar Street light is proposed with a view to energy conservation. The solar plant from 10KW- 25 KW is proposed as per site condition to cater siren supply, light house light and other lighting of kiosk shop cabin.

 Police kiosk

Female police should be deployed or priority should be given for woman power development

 

 

Allotment of kiosk shop cabin

Sr.

Description

No of shops

Remarks

1

Police 

01

 

2

Air monitoring station 

01

 

3

Canteen

02

 

4

Tour operator

02

 

5

Local manufactured item

02

 

6

First add/ dispensary

01

 

7

Local food, beverage

20

 

8

Misc

01

 

 

Allotment of choupal canteen

The municipality or city authority may allot or tender for city canteen. If the applicants are more; it can be given on lottery basis. This can be awarded to woman if agreed. The kitchen infrastructure is proposed to be provided by authority. Food grain may be provided on control rate. The modality may be decided by local rule. 

Training for city guide

Training module is on the basis that they may communicate to local tourist and foreigner. Awareness of energy conservation, environment protection should be given priority with a view to sustainable environment. Language priority should be given for 02 –local and English. 

Hours and topics for training

Sr.

Topic

Hours

Remarks

1

Cleanliness

02

 

2

Environment protection

04

 

3

Energy conservation

08

 

4

City tourism, city rod, transport, rail, airport

24

 

5

City hotel, restaurant

04

 

6

Important telephone and communication, local culture 

08

 

7

Disaster management

04

 

8

Foreign language

24

 

9

Self protection

08

 

10

Misc

08

 

The training course is designed for 96 hours for 2 months i.e. 2 hour daily.

Reward or payment to city guide

a)      City guides may be provided Rs. 10000.00- 15000/- as lump sum amount for their participation.

b)     City guide may be deployed in prescribed des code for annual function or VIP function for city for short period or 1-2 days. They may be paid for as a token gift or amount as decided by the competent authority.

c)      If city guide does work as tourist guide; the remuneration may be fixed by local authority like per hour Rs. 200-250 /- to be paid by tourist. The increment provision may be provided to revise time to time.

d)     Loan arrangement on subsidise interest rate for purchasing of taxi/ rickshaw/bus etc.

e)      City guide may be provoked to have driving license.

Dress code for city guide

The dress code is proposed that suits the local daily use dress. The city guide may be counselled to use as and when they are as guide.

Expenditure on city choupal –one time

The onetime cost may vary as per location/site condition. As an average it may cost Rs. 50 lac to 100 lac per choupal.

Operation cast / Maintenance

Approx Monthly 30,000/- to 50,000/- that can be earned by advertisement and hording given by company or businessman.

Contribution/ source of earning

It can be designed and installed by CSR, Government/ municipality/panchayat/trust/ NGO/ self funding or private public partnership. 

Video display

LED display will be provided and maintained by tourism department where they will display city information and tourist places with their importance. ss

Wednesday, 23 October 2024

SOP, Standard Operating Procedures

 

1.1 Definition

SOP is termed commonly as Standard Operating Procedures-

SOP 

Characteristics of SOP-

1)    Carry out the operations and maintenance correctly

2)    Same manner

3)    Maintain a quality system.

4)    production cost is less

5)    safety at work place

6)    Lesser knowledgeable person can perform  equivalent to qualified

7)    The original should rest at a secure place

8)    Working copies should be authenticated with stamps and/or signatures of authorized persons.

2. Preparation of SOPs

SOP shall have a heading and/or footing mentioning:

1)    Date of approval and/or version number

2)    Unique title (abbreviated if desired)

3)    The number of the SOP (preferably

4)    Page number and total number of pages of the SOP

3. Administrations, Distribution, Implementation

The SOP shall be prepared by

1)    Section officer OR by senior section officers

2)    Reviewed by next higher office

3)    Approved by  next to next higher office

3. SOP contents

1)    SOP number

2)    Version number

3)     date of issue

4)     date of expiry

5)     Title

6)     historical data (dates of previous issues)

 

4. SOP Periodicity

      SOP periodicity shall be one year

 

5. Binding

    The IE rules 1956, NEC rule, safety rules, statutory norms imposed by state/central Government shall be binding whether it is mentioned or not.

6. Filed of application

    The SOP may be utilised an any filed of activity or work like administration government or private, sports, education, manufacturing, industry,  processing plant, transport, medical, army etc.

Typical example

Name: To ensure electrical safety at working places

Number: sop/2024/xx

Procedure

1. Unauthorized persons shall not make or attempt to make repairs to electrical equipment.

2. All unsafe cords, tools, and other equipment shall be reported immediately.

3. Avoid stepping on live lines of lighting units or trouble lights when lines are lying on floors.

4. Defective electrical cords or lines shall be replaced or repaired if possible.

5. When working with energized lines, personnel wearing rings or other jewelry shall either remove Jewelry or wear insulated gloves.

6. Electric outlets shall not be overloaded. All outlets shall be grounded where required.

7. Outlets providing power to portable electric tools shall be equipped with ground fault interruption.

8. Doors or covers of electric panel boxes, marshalling boxes and JB etc shall be kept closed.

9. Panel boxes with removed circuit breakers shall be equipped with protective closure caps.

10. When pulling fuses from fuse panel, fuse pullers shall be used.

11. Never substitute fuses with other materials to make a connection such as tin foil, coins etc.

12. Never replace a fuse with a larger fuse than what was in unit prior to changing.

13. When opening or closing a switch in a panel box always stand to one side.

14. Never paint over or conceal panel boxes.

15. Electric panels shall be kept accessible. The area around boxes shall be kept clean and free of any Flammable or combustible materials.

16. Do not store metal or conductive materials near panel boxes or lines.

17. All electric panels shall be labelled or tagged as to switch usage and as to what equipment or area that

Switch controls.

18. All electric panels used in areas where moisture or damp conditions exist shall be waterproof by providing canopy or double doors.

19. All electric switch panels shall be grounded.

20. When repairs or work is performed on panels, lockout or tag out procedures shall be used.


Nimanpwer.com SOP title
SOP TITLE 

credit : nimanpower

Sunday, 6 October 2024

Transformer Commissioning at site

 Transformer Commissioning Procedure

transformer commissioning at site 

After the satisfactory completion of installation, the following pre-commissioning checks, and tests on instruments must be performed before putting the transformer into service.

 COMMISSIONING TESTS

1) Insulation Resistance (IR)

1a) Before starting this test all the power terminal bushings should be thoroughly cleaned with a dry clean piece of cloth.

1b) At all the tap positions, IR values of windings to earth & between windings shall be measured with designated insulation tester of suitable ratings and readings noted.

Between HV Winding and Earth (Megger) use 5000V or 2500V Insulation Tester,

Between HV and LV Winding (Megger) use 5000V or 2500V Insulation Tester,

Between LV Winding and Earth (Megger) use 1000V or 500V Insulation Tester,

 

1c) IR values obtained should be similar to those indicated in the manufacturers’ test report, furnished with the handing –over documents. In humid weather, IR values obtained may be lower due to condensation on the terminal bushings

1d) If IR values are very low and unacceptable, and then it may be necessary to filter the oil / dry-out the winding till the insulation reaches satisfactory values.

2) Break-Down Voltage (BDV) Test:

2a) Oil samples from tank bottom, tank top, radiator, etc. shall be carefully taken and tested for BDV value, as per clause of manual.

2b) BDV value of oil should be more than 50kV (rms) for 1 minute in the standard test cell

2c) If BDV value is very low and unacceptable (30kV(rms) or less for 1 minute, then it may be necessary to dry-out & clean the oil till the insulation reaches satisfactory values.

It is recommended to contact suppliers or manufacturer for suitable recovery procedure based on available facilities at site

3) Voltage Ratio Test

3a) Apply 3-Phase, 433V AC supply on the HV side and the Voltage Ratio at all tap positions can be derived using suitable precision voltmeter connected to the LV side. A ratio meter, if available can be used for a more accurate measurement

3b) The Ratio value obtained should be similar to those indicated in the manufacturers’ test report, furnished with the handing-over documents.

4) Winding Resistance Measurement Test

4a) Winding Resistance of every phase of each winding should be measured using a suitable DC Resistive Bridge or similar.

4b) Winding Resistance values obtained should be similar to those indicated in the manufacturers’ test report, furnished with handing-over documents

5) Marshalling Box Scheme Check

5a) All the auxiliary wiring from various accessories to marshalling box shall be checked with marshalling box scheme drawing furnished with the handing-over documents.

5b) During testing of accessories like Buchholz relay, etc., an operation of all the alarm/trip contacts shall be checked at marshalling box terminal blocks ensuring both operation and wiring are checked correctly.

6) Buchholz Relay Test

6a) Relay operation for alarm and trip contact shall be checked by injecting air inside the relay through test petcock. Injected air collected inside the relay allows the alarm float/flap & trip float/flap to fall thereby operating their respective switch

7) Temperature Indicator Test

7a) Indicators operation for alarm and trip contact shall be checked by manual stimulation

8)  Off-Circuit Tap Selector (OCTS)

8a) During shipment, generally, the OCTS has not been separated from the transformer so it is not necessary to recheck the internal connections of tapping an internal mechanism

8b) Means of protecting the OCTS from unauthorized operation is provided by using a padlocking arrangement at the designated tap position

 

9)  Before switching, it is to ensure that

9a) All the Oil Shut-off Valves are OPEN and Draw-Off Valves are CLOSED.

9b) All Thermometer Pockets are near filled (85%) with oil.

9c) Oil is at the correct level in the Bushings, Conservator, etc

 9d) In general, colour in breather is blue for silica-gel or yellow/orange for envirogel.

9e) Earthing Connection of Main Tank, Neutral Bushing, Marshalling Box, Control Gear Box, Cable Box, Arcing-Horn, etc., are correctly made.

9f) Bushing arcing horn gap is set correctly

9g) All CT Secondary Circuits are closed

9h) All Air-Release Plugs of Main Tank, Radiator, Conservator, Buchholz Relay, Bushings, etc., are free of air pocket/bubbles.

9i) It is recommended that after Oil-Filling/filtration or before Commissioning, at least 10-12 9j) hrs. Should be allowed for the oil to settle-down and the air is released from all points at 2 hourly intervals.

9k) It is recommended that the transformer is initially energized at NO-LOAD only and checked for any abnormalities for the next 6 - 8 hours

9l) AFTER SWITCHING on no-load, if the Primary side Circuit Breaker is tripped investigate the cause thoroughly and re-energize the transformer ONLY AFTER ensuring that the fault is properly cleared.

9m) If satisfactory (transformer on No-Load) then apply load gradually and observe for any abnormalities for the next 6- 8 hours

9n) If the transformer is satisfactory on-load up to 50% for the first 4-8 hours, shut-down the transformer and ensure that all air-release plugs of the tank, radiator, conservator, Buchholz relay, bushing, etc., are free of air pockets which might have developed during initial loading.

Credit: rajasthanpower.in

Friday, 4 October 2024

Various electrical laboratory test and purpose

Equipment name- LT & MV Power Cables, Go Switches, AB Switches, porcelain Insulator, Current Transformer, Voltage transformer. Test Name 
  Partial discharge test – Partial discharge measurement of cables is very important as it gives an indication of expected life of the cable. When a cable is subjected to high voltage and if there is a void in the cable, the void breaks down and a discharge takes place. 
Impulse withstands voltage test- The test samples are subjected to positive and negative impulse voltage of magnitude as specified in specification; the sample should withstand without any damage. 
Power frequency withstand voltage test (HVT)- electrical products are tested for power frequency A.C. and D.C. voltages. The test voltage is applied on the sample for specified time. the sample is said to have withstood the test if no insulation failure/ flashover /puncture takes place during specified time duration. Dielectric power factor test (Tan Delta Test) -the healthiness of electrical samples can be determined by the ratio of the resistive component to the capacitive component. For good samples, this ratio would be quite low. This ratio is commonly known as tan δ or tan delta 
Hot Set Test - A Measure to Determine the Amount of Cross-Linking Achieved, for Cured Materials such as XLPE and Elastomers Hot Air Aging Test- The hot air aging test is one of the main test methods for evaluating polymer materials and studying the aging resistance of polymer materials. It is usually carried out in a constant temperature blast drying test chamber.
 Electrical Resistance- Electrical Resistance is an electrical quantity that measures how the device or material reduces the electric current flow through it. The resistance is measured in units of ohms (Ω). Tensile Strength: Tensile strength is usually measured as the amount of force in newtons per square mm or megapascals (MPa) required to pull a specimen to the point of material failure. This test is accomplished by placing a dumbbell shaped specimen into the grips, or jaws. 
Elongation – Elongation is measured by applying tensile force, or stretching the material in the same manner as described previously, and determining the change in length from original. Elongation is expressed as a percentage of the original length. Ultimate elongation is the percentage change in length from original to rupture.
 Thermal stability – tests are conducted on PVC materials in order to determine the rate of thermal degradation at elevated temperatures. 
Power Frequency Wet Voltage Withstand Test -The test voltage applied to the samples is the specified value of the wet power frequency withstand voltage adjusted for atmospheric condition at the time of test.
 Water Absorption – 
 a) This test is done to ascertain the quantity of water absorbed when the insulation or sheath of cable laid underground comes into contact with water. 
 b) Loss of mass is the evaluation of loss of plasticisers and lubricants due to volatilisation during heating. 
Shrinkage Test – Cable testing for shrinkage is designed to check if the insulation material will shrink back whilst in service Heat Shock Test – Replicates the stress of bending and heating on the cable to check for any failure as evidenced by cracks appearing in the materials Hot deformation test – Thermoplastics tend to deform under high temperatures and small damage during movement or under installation to cable, can cause a puncture or cut of insulation Cold bend and cold impact testing - This method determines the resistance to impact or shock of the thermoplastic and elastomeric insulation or sheath at low temp 
Insulation Resistance (IR) test- insulation resistance test measures the total resistance between any two points separated by electrical insulation 
Bending test - bending tensile test) is a method of testing materials for their bending strength. Flammability test - Flammability testing determines how easily a material or finished product will ignite or burn when exposed to or used near fire or heat.
electrical laboratory test
Heat cycle test - The test to confirm the effect on power supply caused by the repetition of temperature change. 
ASTM G154 _ (UV Test) ASTM G154 - testing uses fluorescent light sources that can simulate UVA or UVB. This technique is used to evaluate the impact of UV exposure on a product’s mechanical properties 
ASTM G53 (UV Test)- This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) and condensation apparatus to simulate the deterioration caused by sunlight and water as rain or dew. This test covers the technique to confirm the thickness, diameter of sample, height, width & length conform to relative specification requirements. 
Test Method for Density of Smoke or ASTM D2843-22- This test method serves to determine the extent to which plastic materials are likely to smoke under conditions of active burning and decomposition in the presence of flame. 
Halogen Acid Gas Evolution- The test is to determine the amount of halogen acid gases that are created when cable insulation and sheathing compounds are burned 
Oxygen Index with Temperature Index - To determine the minimum percentage of Oxygen required to support flame combustion of a material at Room Temperature or at a Higher Temperature. (Up to 400 deg. C) 
 Torsion test -The purpose of a torsion test is to determine the behaviour a material or test sample exhibits when twisted or under torsional forces as a result of applied. Melt Flow Index, (MFI) is a measure of the ease of flow of the melt of a thermoplastic polymer. 
Carbon Black Content -To determine the average of carbon black content especially in polyethylene materials by pyrolysis method, like plastic pipes, films, sheets, cables Wrapping Test– The wrapping test is a ductility test which is employed to evaluate the ability of metallic wire to undergo plastic deformation during wrapping. 
Carbon Black Dispersion- This test method is used to determine the average carbon black dispersion in materials like Films, Plastic Pipes, Cables, Sheets. 
Stress strain Test Stress-Strain Diagram expresses a relationship between a load applied to a material and the deformation of the material. 
Source: Ghaziabad Testing Laboratories Pvt. Ltd

Pre activity before installation of new transformer in the place of old transformer

Installation of new transformer 2.5 MVA 6.6/0.433 KV in the palce of old transformer Some times it becmomes requirement to replace the ele...